A long way from Ararat…
Little Armenias in Europe and the Mediterranean
Marseille’s Armenians

This website was designed in connection with the exhibition "The Armenians of Marseille", co-organized by the Museum of the History of Marseille and MuCEM / Museum of Civilization of Europe and the Mediterranean within the framework of "Armenia, my friend," the season of Armenia in France. The exhibition was shown from 23 June to 29 September 2007 at the Museum of the History of Marseille.

Click here to go directly to :
 The exhibition catalogue
 Bibliography
 Filmography
 Websites
 Timeline of Armenia

 

Exhibition catalogue

Loin de l’Ararat… Les Petites Arménies d’Europe et de Méditerranée et Les Arméniens de Marseille
Under the direction of Myriame Morel-Deledalle, Claire Mouradian and Florence Pizzorni-Itié
Paris, Hazan / Musées de Marseille / MuCEM, 2007
160 p., ill. en coul. (€29)

Scientific Committee :
Robert Arnoux, Garbis Artin, Marie-Françoise Attard-Maraninchi, Ina Baghdiantz-McCabe, Aïda Boudjikanian, Karina Dilanian, Roberto Gulbenkian, Anne Kazazian, Dzovinar Kévonian, Dickran Koumjian, Anouche Kunth, Boghos Levan Zekiyan, Jean-Pierre Mahé, Myriame Morel-Deledalle, Claire Mouradian, Laure Piaton, Florence Pizzorni-Itié, Olivier Raveux, Edouard Sarxian, Véronique Schiltz, Emile Temime, Chantal Toufanian, Giusto Traina

 

Bibliography

Bibliography : General works

Aïvazian, Hovhannès, (ed.), La diaspora arménienne. Encyclopédie, Erevan, Editions de l’Encyclopédie arménienne, 2003 (in Armenian).

Arlen, Michael, Embarquement pour l’Ararat : à la recherche de l’identité arménienne, Marseille, Parenthèses, 2005 (re-edition).

Baghdiantz McCabe, Ina, The Shah’s Silk For Europe’s Silver. The Eurasian Trade of the Julfa Armenians in Safavid Iran and India (1530-1750), University of Pennsylvania, Armenian Texts and Studies 15, 1999.

Boghossian, Sarkis, Iconographie arménienne, 2 vol., Paris, 1987, 1992.

Bruneau, Michel et al. (eds), Grecs et Arméniens en diaspora, approches comparatives, Athènes, Ecole Française d’Athènes, 2007.

Chaliand, Gérard, Rageau, Jean-Pierre, Atlas des diasporas, Paris, Odile Jacob, 1991.

Dédeyan, Gérard (dir.), Histoire du peuple arménien, Toulouse, Privat, 2007 (réédition)

Hovanessian, Martine, Le lien communautaire. Trois générations d’Arméniens, Paris, Armand Colin, 1992.

Hovannisian, Richard and Myers, David N. (eds), Enlightenment and Diaspora, Scholars Press, 1999.

Kévorkian, Raymond H. (dir.), Arménie, entre Orient et Occident, trois mille ans de civilisation, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1996.

Kouymjian, Dickran, The Arts of Armenia (Accompanied by a Collection of 300 Slides in Color), Lisbonne, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 1992.

Lenoir-Achdjian, Annick, Appréhender la nation, vivre en diaspora : regards arméniens, Louvain-la-Neuve, Bruylant-Academia, 2007.

Mahé, Annie et Jean-Pierre, L’Arménie à l’épreuve des siècles, Paris, Gallimard, coll. Découvertes, 2004.

Mouradian, Claire, L’Arménie, Paris, PUF, coll. Que-sais-je ? n° 851, 2002 (3rd ed.).

Mutafian, Claude (dir.), Roma-Armenia, Rome, Edizioni de Luca, 1999.

Mutafian, Claude, Van Lauwe, Eric, Atlas historique de l’Arménie : Proche-Orient et Sud-Caucase du VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. au XXIe siècle, Paris, Autrement, 2001.

Panossian, Razmik, The Armenians. From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars, New York, Columbia Univ. Press., 2006.

Kévonian, Dzovinar, Réfugiés et diplomatie humanitaire, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2004.

Zekiyan, Boghos Levon, Mechitar di Sebaste rinnovatore e pioniere, S.Lazzaro, Venezia, 1977.

"Arménie-diaspora, mémoire et modernité", Les Temps modernes, dossier dirigé par Chaliand, Gérard, n° 504-506,1988.

Arménie(s), Paris, Association Arménie(s) Plurielles, 2006.

"Diaspora arménienne et territorialités", Hommes et Migrations, dossier dirigé par Hovanessian, Martine, 2007.

 

Communautés particulières

Arat, K., Die Wiener Mechitaristen Armenische Mönche in der Diaspora, Wien-Köln, Böhlau Verl., 1990.

Badzig, Stephen K., Mekhitarist Congregation in Vienna. A Historical Survey, Vienna, Mekhitarist Press, 1991.

Bekius, René, The Persian Armenian Colony in Amsterdam during the Safavid Period, to be published in Iran and the World in the Safavid Age (International Library of Iranian Studies), I. B. Tauris.

Boudjikanian, Aïda, Les Arméniens dans la Région Rhône-Alpes. Essai géographique sur les rapports d’une minorité ethniques avec son milieu d’accueil, Lyon, 1978.

Dachkevytch, Y., "L’établissement des Arméniens en Ukraine pendant les XIe-XVIIe siècles", Revue des Etudes arméniennes, 1968, V, pp. 329-367 ;

Dachkevytch, Y., "Les colonies arméniennes en Ukraine d’après les sources et la littérature depuis le XVe jusqu’au XIXe siècle", Revue des Etudes arméniennes, 1964, I, pp. 461-462.

George, Joan, Merchants in Exile. The Armenians in Manchester, England, 1835-1935, Princeton and London, Gomidas Institute, 2002.

Giornate dell’Amicizia Italo-Armena, Jerevan, 2005 (exhibition catalogue in Armenian and Italian).

Hermet, Aleramo, La Venezia degli Armeni, Milano, Gruppo Ugo Mursia Editore, 1993.

Herzig, Edmund M., The Armenian Merchants of New Julfa Isfahan : A Study in Pre-Modern Asian Trade, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991.

Hofmann, Tessa (dir.), Armenier in Berlin. Berlin und Armenien, Berlin, Der Beauftragte des Senats von Berlin für Integration und Migration, 2005.

Pattie, Susan, Faith In History, Armenians Rebuilding Community, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997.

Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, L’homme et son œuvre (1869-1999), Lisbonne, Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian, 1999.

Hassiotis, Ioannis K., The Armenian Community of Thessaloniki. History, Present Situation and Prospects, Thessaloniki, University Studio Press, 2005 (in Greek and in English).

Musée ethnographique national, Les Arméniens en Bulgarie, catalogue de l’exposition 2000-2001, Sofia, 2000 (in Bulgarian, Armenian and English).

Nadel-Golobich, Eleonora , "Armenians and Jews in Medieval Lvov. Their role in oriental trade, 1400-1600", Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, 1979, 20/3-4, pp.

Petrowicz, Greg., "L’organisation juridique des Arméniens sous les monarques polonais", in Revue des Etudes Arméniennes, Tome IV, 1967, pp. 321-354.

Sartor C., De l’Ararat à Saint-Lazare, Venise, Tip. Armena, 1978.

Selian, Sergiu, Schita istorica a comunitatii armene din Romania (Aperçu historique sur la communauté arménienne de Roumanie), Editura Ararat, Bucharest, 1999.

Tchamkerten, Astrig, Les Gulbenkian à Jerusalem, Lisbonne, Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian, 2006.

Ter Minassian, Anahide, "Les Arméniens de Paris depuis 1945" in Le Paris des étrangers, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, Paris, 1994, 205-239.

 

Marseille

Arnoux, Robert, Les Naufragés de la Terre Promise, Aix-en-Provence, Edisud, 2004.

Attard-Maraninchi, Marie-Françoise, Témime, Emile, Migrance, T3. Le cosmopolitisme de l’entre-deux guerres (1919-1945), Aix-en-Provence, Edisud, 1990.

Belmonte, Lydie, De la petite Arménie au boulevard des Grands Pins. P. Tacussel, 1999.

Kehayan, Jean, Bedros Saradjian : une terre sur laquelle il n’y a rien. In : Marseille, histoires de famille, Paris, Autrement, 1989.

Kertenian, Rémy, "La cathédrale de l’église apostolique arménienne", Serpotz Tarkmantchaz (Saints traducteurs), in Revue Marseille no. 215, p. 90-93, December 2006.

Khayadjian, Edmond, "La communauté arménienne de Marseille", in Revue Marseille no. 118, p. 31-39, Q3 1979.

Morel-Deledalle, Myriame (dir.), Portraits d’industrie, collections du musée d’Histoire de Marseille, XIXe-XXe siècles, catalogue d’exposition, Marseille, Parenthèses, 2003.

Tekeian, Charles-Diran, Marseille, la Provence et les Arméniens, Institut historique de Provence, 1929.

Temime, Emile (dir.), Migrance. T4., Le choc de la décolonisation, Aix-en-Provence, Edisud, 1991.

Varjabétian, Jacques, 72e anniversaire de la consécration de la cathédrale Serpotz Tarkmantchaz, Ed. cathédrale arménienne, Marseille, 2003.

 

Filmography

Holmquist, Pea, Back to Ararat, Suède, HB Pea Holmquist Film, 1988.

Kébadian, Jacques, Isabelle Ouzounian, Mireille Bardjakdjian, Mémoire arménienne, CRDA-AAA-Centre G. Pompidou, 1986, rééd. 1995, 2h15.

Margossian, Marie-Claire, Arménie, l’autre visage d’une diaspora, coproduction Zone d’Images et France 5, France, 2007, 52 min.

Raget, Evelyne, Etre ailleurs, ici... Les Arméniens de France, in the collection D’où viennent les Français, diffusion France 3, 56 min.

Sarxian, Edouard, Le Marseille des Arméniens, Histoire racontée par eux-mêmes. 1re partie (1920-1950), Marseille, Association pour la Création audiovisuelle d’artistes d’origine arménienne, 2005, 1h57.

Ulmer, Bruno, Les Arméniens de Marseille, une intégration réussie, in the series "Francais d’ici, peuples d’ailleurs", Son & Lumière. Coproduit par La Cinquième. Avec la participation de France 2, CNC et Procirep, France, 2001, 52 min.

 

Websites

General resources

http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Diaspora
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_diaspora
http://www.armeniadiaspora.com/
http://www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au/index.html
http://www.netarmenie.com
http://www.acam-france.org
http://www.crda-france.org
http://www.geocities.com/kegham.geo/index2.html

 

Armenian Communities

Germany
http://www.deutsch-armenische-gesellschaft.de/
http://www.armenianreporteronline.com/old/20072002/in-bedikian.htm

Belorussia
http://armeniaminsk.iatp.by/armyane.html

Cyprus
http://www.hayem.org/index.htm

Hungary
http://www.garabonczias.hu/ormeny/
http://www.garabonczias.hu/ormeny/armenians.shtml
http://garabonczias.hu/ormeny/kepeslap/kepeslap.shtml
http://ormeny.lap.hu/

Italy
http://www.comunitaarmena.it/
http://www.csdca.it/
http://www.zatik.com/
http://xoomer.alice.it/amalhaso/ARMENIANS%20IN%20ITALY.htm
http://www.mondimedievali.net/Microstorie/armeni.htm

Netherlands
http://www.simonian.nl/
http://simonian.nl/pages/archives/39

Poland
http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=armenian%20Lviv&w=all&s=int
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/6histoire/par_pays/pologne_bibliographie.htm
http://galaxy.uci.agh.edu.pl/%7Evahe/armpol.htm

Romania
http://www.personal.ceu.hu/students/02/Leon_Stacescu/rh.htm
http://membres.lycos.fr/bucovine/page9.html

Russia
http://www.geocities.com/kegham.geo/gulbenkian.html
http://www.haylife.ru/
http://www.armeniancatholic.ru/en/index.html

Switzerland
http://www.armenian.ch/

 

Armenophilia

http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916avril.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr1.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr2.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr3.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr4.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr5.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr6.htm
http://www.crda-france.org/fr/5culture/musique/8_groung3_1916progr5.htm

 

Timeline of Armenia

The history of Armenians World History 9th–6th cent. BCE – Kingdom of Urartu, rival of the Assyrian Empire. 8th cent. BCE – Etruscans arrive in Italy 783 – Foundation of Erebouni (Yerevan).     753 – Founding of Rome     4th–6th cent. BCE – Achaemenid domination.     612 – Destruction of Nineveh, the Assyrian capital. V. 521 – 1st mention of Armenia (Bisotun stele).     5th cent. BCE – Century of Pericles in Athens. V. 330 – After Alexander’s defeat of the Persian Achaemenid, 1st kingdoms of Armenia.     336-323 BCE – conquests of Alexander the Great. 95-55 BCE – Reign of Tigran II, defeated by Pompey (66)     52 CE – Julius Caesar defeats Vercingetorix. 301-314 – Baptism of Armenia as a result of the preaching of Gregory the Illuminator. 313 – Edict of Tolerance in Milan.   330 – Foundation of Constantinople.   4th cent. CE – Barbarian Invasions in the West. S. Ve – Sharing of Armenia between Byzantium and Iran Sasanian. Forced migration to the Byzantine Empire.   V. 405 – Invention of the alphabet by monk Mesrop Machtots, followed by the first translations.   451 – Schism of Chalcedon and Avaraïr, battle against the Persians.     476 – Fall of the Roman Empire   496 – Baptism of Clovis.   632 – Death of Mohammed Ca. 640-884 – Arabic domination of Armenia.     7th–10th cent. CE – Arab invasions in the south, Vikings (Normans) to the north, Hungarians to the east of Europe. End of the Carolingian Empire. IX-XI S. – Independent kingdoms and principalities of Great Armenia (Ani, Van, Kars, Lori, Siunik).   987 – Start of the Capetian dynasty. 988 – Baptism of Russia. 1054 – Schism between Catholic and Orthodox churches. 1064 – ca. 1236 – After taking Ani (1064), domination of the Seljuk Turks over part of Armenia. 1071 – Defeat of Byzantium at Manzikert opens Asia Minor to the Seljuks. 1064 – ca. 1236 – After taking Ani (1064), domination of the Seljuk Turks over part of Armenia. 11th–13th cent. CE – Crusades and Latin states of the East. Mongol invasions of China in Russia: fall of Kiev (1240), conquest of Persia and the Caucasus. Birth of the Ottoman Empire (1299). 11th–14th cent. CE – Kingdom of Little Armenia or Cilicia (1073-1375). Mongolian invasions and domination of Greater Armenia (1236-1317).     1339 – Beginning of the Hundred Years’ War. 1378 – Great Western Schism. 13th–late 15th century – Rise of the Armenian settlement of Crimea, under Genoan control. Special privileges granted in Poland (Kamenetz-Podolsk, 1344), Lvov (1356). Cathedral of Lvov (1363). Presence of Armenians in Central Asia and China.   15th cent. – Domination of the Turcoman tribes. 1453 – Acquisition of Constantinople by the Ottomans. End of the Byzantine Empire. 16th–18th cent. – Armenia is contested between the Ottomans (conquest in 1514-17) and Safavid Persia. 1512 – Launch of Armenian printing in Venice. 16th cent. – Start of Safavid dynasty in Persia (1502-1735).   1535 – 1st Capitulations (trade concessions and legal) between Francis I and Suleyman the Magnificent.   1571 – Battle of Lepanto. Ottoman Empire defeated. 1604 – Deportation of Armenians from Djulfa to Persia by Shah Abbas I. Creation of New Djulfa near the capital Isfahan.   17th–18th cent. – Golden Age of Armenian international trade. Colonies in Marseille, Amsterdam, Livorno, Genoa, Madras, Calcutta, Agra. Kuty Foundation in Poland, Elisabethsatdt and Armenierstdat in Transylvania. Missions to sovereign European nations (Louis XIV, prince-elector of Bavaria, Peter the Great). 1669 – Edict of Colbert opening the port of Marseille to Eastern merchants. 1683 – Ottomans stopped at the gates of Vienna. 1717 – Abbot Mekhitar (1679-1749) and his disciplines established on the island of San Lazzaro in Venice.     Eighteenth century – Emphasis of the Russian thrust to the Balkans, Black Sea and the Caucasus under Peter the Great (1696-1725) and Catherine II (1762-1896). 1794-1796 – Publication in Madras of the first periodical Azdarar. 1798 – Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt. 1804-1829 – Annexation of the Eastern provinces of Armenia by the Russians after a series of wars against the Ottomans and Persians. 1815 – Foundation of the Lazarev college in Moscow. 1812 – Napoleon’s campaign in Russia.   1830 – Independence of Greece.   1839 – Gulhane Charter. Start of Tanzimat. 1846 – Foundation of the Samuel-Moorat college in Paris.   1848 – Revolution in France. Spring of the People in Europe.   1853-1856 – Crimean War. 1860-63 – Armenian "National Constitution". Rise of the press and school network. At the end of the nineteenth century – First political parties.     1878 – Congress of Berlin. The Armenian Question becomes part of the Eastern Question 1894-1896 – Mass killings under Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909). Armenophile movement begins. 1894 – 1899 – Dreyfus Affair. Creation of the League of Human Rights (1898)   1909 – Massacres of Armenians in Adana (April). 1908 – Young Turks Constitutional Revolution. 24 April 1915 – Beginning of the Armenian genocide. 1914-1918 – First World War. 1917 – Russian defeat and revolution. End of the Tsarist Empire. 1918-20 – Independence of Armenia in the Caucasus.   1919 – After the Ottoman defeat, resumption of fighting by Kemal. Alliance with the Bolsheviks. 10 August 1920 : Treaty of Sèvres dismantling the defeated Ottoman Empire. Not ratified. 1920-21 – Sovietization of Armenia and the end of the national home of Cilicia under the French protectorate. 1923 : Relocation of Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan.   1923 – Treaty of Lausanne cancelling that of Sèvres and creating the Turkish Republic. 1924 – Launch of the influx of Armenian refugees in France (approx. 60,000 in the 1920s). 1924 – Recognition of the USSR by France and Great Britain. 1925 – Launch of the publication of the daily Haratch (Forward) in Paris.   1931 – Construction of the Armenian Cathedral of Marseille.     1933 – Arrival of Hitler to power. 1936-38 – Big Stalinist purges in Armenia.     1939 – Transfer from France to Turkey of the sanjak of Alexandrette. Exodus of Armenians to Lebanon. 1941-1945 – Large participation of Armenians in the Soviet "Great Patriotic War" (174,000 dead). Mobilisation in the Resistance in France (Missak Manouchian, executed in February 1944). 1939-1945 – Second World War. Genocide of the Jews of Europe. 1945 – After its victory, USSR pushes into Europe, Turkey and Iran. Start of the Cold War. 1946-1947 – "Repatriation" of Armenians of the diaspora to Soviet Armenia.     1953 – Death of Stalin (March 5). Beginning of the thaw. 1956 – Events and early return of "returnees". 1956 – Uprisings in Warsaw and Budapest.   1962 – Cuba crisis. Turkish-Soviet crisis. April 24, 1965 – Fiftieth anniversary of the genocide. Events in Armenia and diaspora.     1975 – Helsinki Accords. Launch of war in Lebanon. 1975-1985 – Terrorist decade for the recognition of the genocide. 1979-1984 – War in Afghanistan. 1980 – Beginning of Poland’s Solidarity movement. June 18, 1987 – Recognition of genocide by the European Parliament.   1988 – Mass Mobilization for the reunification of Karabakh to Armenia. Earthquake (December 7).     1989 – Fall of the Berlin Wall. 1991 – Independence of Armenia. 1991 – End of the USSR (December). 1992-1994 – War of Karabagh.   1994 – Start of war in Chechnya. 2001 – French law recognizing genocide. 11 September 2001 – Attacks against the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon.   2004 – Opening of negotiations for Turkey’s accession to the European Union. 2005 – Destruction of the Armenian Djulfa cemetery in Nakhichevan (December).   2006-2007 – Year of Armenia in France.